Extraterritoriality and Extraterritorial Rights

Extraterritoriality, also known as extraterritorial rights, is an exemption from local laws. That means that an individual with extraterritoriality who commits a crime in a particular country cannot be tried by the authorities of that country, although often she or he will still be subject to trial in his or her own country. Historically, the imperial powers often forced weaker states to grant extraterritorial rights to their citizens who were not diplomats — including soldiers, traders, Christian missionaries, and the like. This was most famously the case in East Asia during the nineteenth century, where China and Japan were not formally colonized but were subjugated to an extent by the western powers. However, now these rights are most commonly granted to visiting foreign officials and even landmarks and plots of land dedicated to foreign agencies such as dual-nationality war cemeteries and memorials to famous foreign dignitaries. Who Had These Rights? In China, the citizens of Great Britain, the United States, France and later Japan had extraterritoriality under the unequal treaties. Great Britain was the first to impose such a treaty on China, in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War. In 1858, after Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet forced Japan to open several ports to ships from  the United States, western powers rushed to established most favored nation status with Japan, which included extraterritoriality. In addition to Americans, citizens of Britain, France, Russia, and the Netherlands enjoyed extraterritorial rights in Japan after 1858. However, Japans government learned quickly how to wield power in this newly internationalized world. By 1899, after the Meiji Restoration, it had renegotiated its treaties with all of the western powers ​and ended extraterritoriality for foreigners on Japanese soil. In addition, Japan and China granted each others citizens extraterritorial rights, but when Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, Chinese citizens lost those rights while Japans extraterritoriality was expanded under the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Extraterritoriality Today The Second World War effectively ended the unequal treaties. After 1945, the imperial world order crumbled and extraterritoriality fell into disuse outside of diplomatic circles. Today, ambassadors and their staffs, United Nations officials and offices, and ships that are sailing in international waters are among the people or spaces that may enjoy extraterritoriality. In modern times, contrary to the tradition, nations may extend these rights to allies who are visiting and often are employed during military troop ground movement through friendly territory. Interestingly, funeral services and memorials often are granted extraterritorial rights for the nation the monument, park or structure honors as is the case with the John F. Kennedy memorial in England and dual-nation cemeteries like the Normandy American Cemetary in France.

Granite Oil Corporation Case Study - 1336 Words

Executive Summary: This report outlines Granite Oil Corporation’s key strategic objectives and mission for value creation, external environment, organizational design, its competitive advantages, applications to course material and comparisons to other similar companies it is in competition with. Table of Contents Introduction Granite Oil Corporation is a relatively small public corporation dealing in exploration for and exploitation, development and production of oil and natural gas [4]. Granite Oil Corporation solely owns a reserve of oil on the Bakken formation near Lethbridge Alberta, and has developed this property with 44 horizontal production wells [5].†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Gail Hannon: CFO – with over two decades of oil and gas experience, Hannon is a professional accountant. She began her career with International Colin Energy Corp. and progressively climbed up towards more senior financial positions with multiple other companies prior to Granite Oil Corp. †¢ Bradley Porter – Director: as an independent businessman and co-founder of DeeThree, Porter has served as board member for numerous corporations in the oil and natural gas industry. Prior to DeeThree, He served as Executive Vice President and Director for two other companies in the industry. †¢ Martin Cheyne – Director: Cheyne served as President and Director to two companies, as well as founding Bredal Energy Corp. before becoming a founder of DeeThree. He also served as Director for Triaxon Resources Ltd., a corporation he sold a large portion of his Bredal’s producing assets to. He also served as a Vice President to International Colin Energy Corp. †¢ Kevin Andrus – Director: Andrus is a Portfolio Manager of Energy Investments with GMT Capital Corp. and a Chartered Financial Analyst who has spent many years working with a variety of investment management companies †¢ Henry Hamm – Director: Hamm is the owner and operator of several private companies in Alberta’s Grand Prairie Region, including land development, home building companies and oil and gas service companies †¢ Tyler Klatt – Director: a professional geologist with over fifteen years of experience working in theShow MoreRelatedBackground And Present Status Of Energy Sector Essay10096 Words   |  41 Pagesnatural resources such as oil, gas, coal, hard rock, white clay, boulder etc. Bangladesh being the prime delta in the world, serves as a decent pool of Natural Gas. 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Italy Terror free essay sample

How far was Mussolinis control of Italy in the years 192543 dependent on the use of terror? In the years 1 925 to 1943 Mussolini had control over Italy and to an extent t his control was dependent on the use of terror. However, it can be argued that it wasnt the o only factor and that it was his policies and governments appeal to the populace that got him genuine e support. But this support was maintained by his ability to crush opposition and prevent challenge GE.The threat and use Of force against the Italian populace played a role in maim initiating Mussolinis intro, preventing challenge and his ability to crush opposition. The death of Immediate in 1924 proved to the Italian people that Mussolini had no objection to the use of term or and violence, although Mussolini denies involvement theres evidence to suggest he did. By 1926 open opposition became increasingly more difficult due to a ban on political activity outside the e Fascist Party and by this time it was probable that Fa scist Squads murdered around 2000 opponent ants. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Terror or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The terror went further, Mussolini used the secret police, the OVER, to spy on dissidents, which led to them being severely beaten up and imprisoned without trial. This would act as a warning to others not to oppose and without opposition Mussolinis control remained. AntiFascist opposition no longer had a platform for their views after the IM position of press censorship. Due to this, within Italy, opposition was sparse and disorganized. But some groups like the Communists who tried to maintain an underground party organization PU blushed their own newspaper, Limit , which distributed antifascist leaflets.However, it was constantly hounded by the regime and in 1 927 the founder of L Unit;, Grammas was imprisoned. This inclines to others that opposition will not be tolerated by the regime and ensures Mussolinis control . There were few individuals who openly criticized the regime and from time to time the OVER or the militia simply assaulted people which was thought to encourage cooperation, it was gauges sting that conformity was the safest option. Again, this shows the extent of Mussolinis use of terror and how he used it to maintain his control.Another use of terror was the setting up of concentration camps, which were on a lot smaller scale than that of Nazi concentration camps. They held fewer than 5000 prisoners, t he conditions were tough and some torture did occur but brutality was not systematic. Mussolini mainly used them for the punishment of those who oppose the regime. This suggests that Mussolini i did need terror to maintain his control as he had to keep opposition to a minimum to succeed. Despite the use of terror, it can be argued that Mussolinis economic policies were what maintained his control. Firstly, the regime claimed credit for increasing profits and tried to win over industrialists by appointing Alberta De Stefan as Treasury Minister which would help areas ere industrialists due to his traditional policy. However, by 1 925 Mussolini had dismissed De Stefan an d took less notice of business interests, meaning his support would be more dependent on his use of terror and he stopped caring about genuine support from the Italian people. At this time the e boom in which the fascist party rose in began to come to an end and the exchange rate of lira WA falling against other currencies.Mussolini found this unacceptable and so declared his battle for Ii RA. The revaluation of the lira should of helped the Italian consumer which would win him over there e support, however Mussolini prevented this by placing high tariffs on many foreign imports which h made him unpopular and therefore made him more dependent on the use of terror as his genuine support declined.

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours Essay When comparing these poems I feel that it is essential to take into account the narrative and if applicable, the character in which each has been written. As each poet is an individual who will have their own viewpoint and opinion of any event. The Going of the battery, is the earliest of the three poems; and was most probably written during the Boer war. Therefore this war wouldnt have been as technologically advanced nor as deadly as world war one, which is the war that the other two poems are about. Despite the better odds of survival that the soldiers had their partners were still worried for their safety. This anxiety can be seen through the tone of the poem, which is worried and reflective: We will write a custom essay on Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nevermore will they come evermore. This worry can also be seen in the rhythm and rhyme scheme of the poem, which is regular up until the point where Hardy puts emphasis on the soldiers departure All we loved. The poems structure is such that it shows the womens worry in a very effective way, in that it goes from the women complaining and getting their fear stuck in the readers head through repetition: Oh it was sad enough, weak enough, mad enough Then to their begrudging their partners because they see them as: Stepping steadily-only too readily!- To them becoming seemingly jealous of the guns that their partners are going to join, which I say because the collective thoughts of the women actually personifies the guns: Great guns were gleaming there, living things seeming there, Cloaked in their tar-cloths, upmouthed to the night; Wheels wet and yellow from axle to felloe, Throats blank of sound, but prophetic to sight. After that the women get upset and warn their men not to court perils that honour could miss. Which could mean that they view their men act all big and tough in front of their friends and so consequently might act irresponsibly and get themselves hurt. The poem then goes on to show that the women are worries but that they still keep their hopes up even when they are feeling as though life beats are low, they at least seem to hopeful that: Some Hand will guard their ways. The Send-off appears to me to be slightly more pessimistic than the Going of the Battery. This can be seen through its mocking yet reflective tone: Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray As mens are dead. It may also be seen if one notes the way in which it starts with a loud and happy atmosphere when the soldiers sang, and ends silent. Also the poem seems, in parts, to have a conspiratorial tone too it: So secretly like wrongs hushed up. This might be a reflection of what Owens thoughts of war were, as it  bears a resemblance to Dulce et Decorum Est, which also implies lies and injustice. Owen uses personification to add to this conspiratorial tone: Then, unmoved, signals nodded, and a lamp Winked to the guard. This could symbolise his distrust of everyone in that everybody is in on the conspiracy and are against him.

Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger

On January 8th, 1975, Joseph Kallinger and his thirteen year old son Michael from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania set out to go hunting. Seems normal enough, but just what they were hunting is what makes for a perverse story. Kallinger and son were hunting for young, attractive women with children, to rape and kill. On the morning of January 8th, 1975, Kallinger and his son took a bus ride from their home in Philadelphia to the New York City area. They arrived in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The two walked around for a while but were not impressed with the pray they found in the town. They then moved on to the small town of Leonia, New Jersey. The first victim was Didi Romaine-Wiseman, a twenty eight year old woman with two children. Didi was at her mother’s house visiting when Joseph and Michael arrived at the house. When Didi confronted the Kallingers, Joseph then stated that he was a â€Å"John Hancock† salesman. When Didi told them to leave the property Kallinger Sr. then seized her and forced his way into the house. Didi fought back before Joseph pulled a revolver on her. Her son Robert, hearing all the commotion, came into the room and screamed in horror by the event that was taking place. Kallinger then pointed the gun at him, stated that this was a robbery and if they did as he said no one would be harmed. He then proceeded to put the gun back into his pocket and then he took out a knife, ordered Didi not to look at him, and then asked if anyone else was in the house. Kallinger then learned about her grandmother and pushed Robert and Didi upstairs to her grandmother’s bedroom. He then saw an empty bedroom pushed Didi in and told her to take off her clothes. She refused, Joseph then stripped her clothes off, removed her jewelry and tied her elbows and ankles together with electrical cord. He then did the same to Robert and then lied him down next to his mother on the bed. Joseph then raped Didi... Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger On January 8th, 1975, Joseph Kallinger and his thirteen year old son Michael from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania set out to go hunting. Seems normal enough, but just what they were hunting is what makes for a perverse story. Kallinger and son were hunting for young, attractive women with children, to rape and kill. On the morning of January 8th, 1975, Kallinger and his son took a bus ride from their home in Philadelphia to the New York City area. They arrived in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The two walked around for a while but were not impressed with the pray they found in the town. They then moved on to the small town of Leonia, New Jersey. The first victim was Didi Romaine-Wiseman, a twenty eight year old woman with two children. Didi was at her mother’s house visiting when Joseph and Michael arrived at the house. When Didi confronted the Kallingers, Joseph then stated that he was a â€Å"John Hancock† salesman. When Didi told them to leave the property Kallinger Sr. then seized her and forced his way into the house. Didi fought back before Joseph pulled a revolver on her. Her son Robert, hearing all the commotion, came into the room and screamed in horror by the event that was taking place. Kallinger then pointed the gun at him, stated that this was a robbery and if they did as he said no one would be harmed. He then proceeded to put the gun back into his pocket and then he took out a knife, ordered Didi not to look at him, and then asked if anyone else was in the house. Kallinger then learned about her grandmother and pushed Robert and Didi upstairs to her grandmother’s bedroom. He then saw an empty bedroom pushed Didi in and told her to take off her clothes. She refused, Joseph then stripped her clothes off, removed her jewelry and tied her elbows and ankles together with electrical cord. He then did the same to Robert and then lied him down next to his mother on the bed. Joseph then raped Didi...

Report on Design Methods and Technology Project Essay

Report on Design Methods and Technology Project - Essay Example Security nowadays has become complicated due to the increase in criminal activities that have prompted the use of technology in countering them (Angelo 2007). The robots use only the battery and there are obedient to their programming and instructions given to them by the specialized technicians. The robots therefore enable the employment of specialized individuals to control and monitor the robot for security purposes. More resources have been wasted due to investment in inefficiency security systems that are not effective. The public, as a result, suffers from the inefficiencies in the security systems and may decide to invest in other options to maximize protection on their premises. Security at present is thus an important venture that should be managed effectively to ensure that those answerable for crimes are brought to book. Robots are efficient systems that can be put into proper use if employed effectively (Angelo 2007). The robots can improve security significantly and can deal with dangers perpetrated by various people by putting in place strategic measures. The robots are mobile objects using advanced technology to monitor activities around a particular place. The robots are well suited for buildings since they can move smoothly throughout the building. Various robotic systems are used by the military to perform surveillance. One such technology is a drone. It passes over land, and its unmanned reduced the risk of casualties especially where it is monitoring an unauthorized area. There are various financial needs for the efficient running of the project that the report is going to bring forth. The use of robots is quite efficient since the robot is monitored from a distance, and one does not have to be their all the time in the case of humans guarding a particular premise. The robots do not get tired and, therefore, improve the security of an establishment. The robots need finances and the proper components for security robots are

Risk evaluation and calculation for a company. Importance of risk Essay

Risk evaluation and calculation for a company. Importance of risk evaluation while taking investment decisions - Essay Example In order to illustrate the complexities of risks involved, the subject of evaluation shall be a multinational company, principally located in an emerging Asian country, but producing an internationally marketed product. While the foreign firm boasts a fundamentally sound business, the fact that it involves investment in another country requires consideration of the various risks. A UK-based investment fund is considering investing in the Asian emerging market. It is considering SMCorp, a food and beverage company principally located in the Philippines. Its main product is the globally renowned San Miguel Beer which had won numerous prestigious international awards. SMCorp has expanded its operations abroad and established breweries located in China, Malaysia, and South America. The Philippine currency has an exchange rate of about PhP69:Â £1, within the past year varying between PhP73:Â £1 and PhP68:Â £1. SMCorp stock is sufficiently liquid and is a favourite among global funds that decide to invest in the Philippines, because of its excellent company fundamentals and steady rate of return. The company regularly declares a uniform stream of annual dividends and exhibits a strong cashflow pattern. Its stock price has a beta coefficient of 0.8. Its 52-week per-share figures are a high of PhP 61 and a low of PhP 38; it is currently at PhP 41. Being in the co nsumer food and beverage industry, demand for SMCorp’s products are consistent even during economic downturns, and sales are brisk locally and abroad. Risk, as applied to investments, is the probability of earning a return less than the expected return (Brigham, 1996). Investors are usually risk-averse; that is, investors will as much as possible try to avoid chances of earning below expected income, moreso chances of loss. Investors who do not assume more than the prevailing