The current business environment

The current business condition is portrayed by a significant degree of serious contention and therefore organizations need to continually reengineer their inner procedures so as to build up a practical serious advantage.This is the circumstance in the carrier business and thus Air Asia needs to build up a reasonable upper hand. It is accepted that the establishment of the internet business application will encourage the usage of the most significant technique: boosting access to information.This is one of the most significant qualities for the organization not just on the grounds that the organization will be in a situation to gather more data about its clients, yet in addition on the grounds that the clients will have the option to get more data too. Accordingly, this will fill in as a publicizing instrument for the organization. In this regard, the organization won't face any issue on the grounds that the technique is being actualized through a joint endeavor with Microsoft.The car rier industry is described by a significant level of serious force and along these lines Air Asia needs to continually reengineer its inward activities so as to construct and keep up a serious edge. In this regard, the key focal point of the organization is cost minimization.uAccording to Michael Porter’s system for procedure detailing, a business association has three methodologies available to its so as to fabricate and keep up an upper hand. These are separation, cost minimization and center (refered to in Fred, 2006). In spite of the fact that Air Asia may be supposed to actualize each of the three systems, its attention is on limiting costs.The organization is executing the procedure of center by focusing on underserved markets while it is executing the methodology of separation by adding esteem added administrations to its repertoire.However the thinking behind deciding to receive these techniques has been to find open doors for guaranteeing consumer loyalty through con centrating on territories of the market which have not been focused by contenders. Thus, Air Asia figures out how to charge lower costs than huge numbers of its rivals while keeping up tantamount guidelines of quality.Mobile business is an augmentation of online business as per which PC frameworks can be gotten to through the web on cell phones, for example, PDA, cell phone or a wireless (refered to in Hitt, 2007). Mobil trade has more noteworthy adaptability than web based business since it has satellite connectivity.As an outcome, gadgets which don't have web network however which have satellite availability can direct exchanges by means of m-trade. In this regard, it must be referenced that m-trade can lead video and sound conferencing. In this way the utilization of m-trade prompts more prominent extension for business-to-business and business-to purchaser exchanges.This has become the vital plan of action in the current business condition which is described by a significant lev el of serious contention. This implies organizations must concentrate on the procedure of cost minimization. This is encouraged through both online business and m-trade applications as they encourage the improvement of B2B and B2C structures. Anyway m-trade is increasingly advantageous as a result of its more noteworthy accessibility.Air Asia’s utilization of Windows Vista can be reached out to m-business in light of the fact that Microsoft has just evolved working frameworks for portable phones.Therefore Microsoft will be in a situation to make interoperability between online business and m-trade through the Air Asia device. Despite the fact that m-trade is remotely associated, it has the adaptability of being associated through web based business too. This implies any arrangements produced for web based business can be available through m-commerce.This will profit the buyers since they won't need to be associated with the web once the Windows Vista application is made good in the m-trade stage. In this regard, the expenses of channeling web based business applications are higher than m-trade applications. Internet business requires network by means of a PC. With m-business a similar measure of data can be handled through a wireless.

Free Essays on The Color Purple By Alice Walker

â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker is a novel that is written in letterforms. In the novel Alice Walker expounds on a few thoughts, for example, boldness, kinship, and freedom. â€Å"The Color Purple† is told through the eyes of a multi year old young lady named Celie, who is more than once assaulted and impregnated by her stepfather. What does the shading â€Å"purple† represent ? For what reason did Alice Walker title her novel the â€Å"The Color Purple†? The shading â€Å"purple† is a significant image since it concern the life of youthful Celie and the torments and distresses she survives. Alice Walker’s tale concerns the life of a lady through her life. â€Å"Alice Malsenior Walker was conceived on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth and most youthful offspring of Minnie Tallulah Grant Walker and Willie Lee Walker† (Jackson). In 1982 Alice completed her novel The Color Purple. â€Å"The Color Purple† isn't care for most books. Composing the novel in letterform Alice Walker doesn't expound a great deal on the characters, the setting, and why the characters act the manner in which they do. At the point when the novel opens, Celie is a youthful dark young lady living in Georgia in the early long periods of the twentieth century. She is an uneducated young lady, and keeps in touch with her letters in like manner language. Celie is entering her youthfulness trusting her dad assaulted her and that he executed both of their youngsters. She keeps in touch with god, since she has nobody else to write to. Celie feels that what befell her was horrendous to the point that she can just discuss it to somebody she feels adores her. Despite the fact that she knows her more youthful sister, Nettie, adores her, she is too youthful to even think about understanding. Nettie has lived to some degree a simpler life. She was shielded from the maltreatment by her more seasoned sister, and was in every case great at scholastics. At the point when she fled from home, she went to the house that Celie currently imparted to her better half, who is known as Mr._____ . Mr._____ had consistently needed Nettie, yet when she ... Free Essays on The Color Purple By Alice Walker Free Essays on The Color Purple By Alice Walker â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker is a novel that is written in letterforms. In the novel Alice Walker expounds on a few thoughts, for example, fearlessness, companionship, and autonomy. â€Å"The Color Purple† is told through the eyes of a multi year old young lady named Celie, who is over and over assaulted and impregnated by her stepfather. What does the shading â€Å"purple† represent ? For what reason did Alice Walker title her novel the â€Å"The Color Purple†? The shading â€Å"purple† is a significant image since it concern the life of youthful Celie and the torments and distresses she survives. Alice Walker’s tale concerns the life of a lady through her life. â€Å"Alice Malsenior Walker was conceived on February 9, 1944 in Eatonton, Georgia, the eighth and most youthful offspring of Minnie Tallulah Grant Walker and Willie Lee Walker† (Jackson). In 1982 Alice completed her novel The Color Purple. â€Å"The Color Purple† isn't care for most books. Composing the novel in letterform Alice Walker doesn't expound a great deal on the characters, the setting, and why the characters carry on the manner in which they do. At the point when the novel opens, Celie is a youthful dark young lady living in Georgia in the early long periods of the twentieth century. She is an uneducated young lady, and keeps in touch with her letters in like manner language. Celie is entering her pre-adulthood trusting her dad assaulted her and that he executed both of their youngsters. She keeps in touch with god, since she has nobody else to write to. Celie feels that what befell her was awful to the point that she can just discuss it to somebody she feels adores her. In spite of the fact that she knows her more youthful sister, Nettie, adores her, she is too youthful to even consider understanding. Nettie has lived to some degree a simpler life. She was protected from the maltreatment by her more seasoned sister, and was in every case great at scholastics. At the point when she fled from home, she went to the house that Celie currently imparted to her better half, who is known as Mr._____ . Mr._____ had consistently needed Nettie, yet when she ...

IBM’s Multicultural Multinational Teams Essay

At the point when somebody thinks about an entrenched and customary organization, they may consider IBM. IBM is notable for its composed and unwritten principles. IBM likes to concentrate on singular advancements and accomplishment and the desire for lifetime administration at the organization. Be that as it may, circumstances are different these days. The company’s new spotlight is on collaboration. The aggregate sum of hours that IBM dedicated to the executives time for group ventures is an extraordinary thought and has demonstrated that groups can improve an organization to improve things. Their HR office worked superbly in devoting those hours to group ventures. The groups of representatives that IBM sends abroad will bring them new customers yet will likewise enlarges the open door for new customers through helping different organizations or associations. By creating groups, IBM will have the option to set up a very solid and fluctuated group. The groups can overthrow up with any culture and take care of business effectively. By creating groups IBM will get a pioneer or issue solver, the colleagues can cooperate universally and get touchy to another culture and their conventions or customs, it will assemble trust and comprehension among the colleagues to finish a venture, and any experience group can bolster a group that doesn't have a pioneer or somebody who is a full of feeling communicator. Working in groups will profit both IBM and the representatives. IBM’s culture needed to switch to stay aware of society and the evolving times. Not exclusively will that yet group centered organizations have aptitudes assortment, decent variety, a typical reason and objective. In this way, basically organizations that are center around groups instead of individual work are better organizations. There are five phases to framing a viable group. These creating steps are shaping, raging, and norming, performing and deferring. The primary stage, shaping is the point at which the colleagues will get together to meet each other expertly and catch wind of objectives and any data that the chiefs have given to support them. The subsequent stage, raging is the antagonistic periods of the gathering stop progress. This stage is when individuals from the gathering may get reluctant to submit to the standards and guidelines that where settled after during the framing stage. In certain occurrences, the executives may need to set in and resolve the issue. The third stage is norming, in which contradictions are settled Rules, guidelines and administration may have been changed to all the more likely suit the gathering. During this stage increasingly productive work and task consummation may occur. The fourth stage is playing out; this is the point at which the gathering is at the highest point of execution.

Truth or Illusion - Literature Essay Samples

Truth or illusion? When the fantasy world people create in order to cope with the absurdity of life is brought too far into reality, it becomes hard to distinguish between authenticity and fiction. This ambiguity is apparent in both Edward Albees Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and Henrik Ibsens A Dolls House, in which marital relationships are solely based on illusion. Both couples in the dramas use illusions to avoid feeling the truth and the pain of failures. Yet, in the end, they are forced to wake up from the fake world in which they have lived and by openly expressing their feelings create hope for progress. It is essential to strip away illusion in order to experience life truthfully and fully.The relationship between Martha and George in Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, is troubling from the very beginning, for it was founded upon illusion. Martha married George not because of who he really was, but, because of who she imagined he could become. As she tells Nick in the first ac t, I got the idea about then of marrying into the collegewhich didnt seem to be as stupid as it turned out (Albee 79). Her father was the president of the College in New Carthage, and Martha, being his only child, hoped to gain control of it herself through marriage. Thus, she married the illusion of George, who also bought into it himself. Yet, when they realized that this illusion is not real, because George didnt have the guts to (Albee 85) succeed her father, their marriage was hurt significantly.Yet, the dominant illusion in George and Marthas lives lies in the seed of their relationship. Because they couldnt have any children of their own and lived a miserable life, they decided to create an imaginary child. Thus, the binding force in their relationship is also an illusion. Although Albee does not tell the audience directly of the childs unreality until the very end, he provides clues that imply this throughout the play. The first hint is provided when George warns Martha not to start in on the bit about the kid (Albee 18) as their two a.m. guests arrive at the door. The boys physical perfection blond haired, blue eyed also foreshadows the fact that he is an illusion. Then, as George and Martha use the kid to attack each other, their bizarre insults adds to the unreality of the boy. Martha first says that George used to make him sick all the time and George counterattacks by claiming that the real reason our sonused to throw up all the time was [because] he couldnt stand you fiddling at him (Albee 120). Finally, in the last act when George informs Martha that their son has been killed and Martha tells him that he cannot decide these things (Albee 232) it becomes apparent, even to Nick, that their son is merely a creation of the mind. Through Marthas reaction, however, it can be seen that the blurring of illusion and reality can cause something that is solely delusional to have a very real emotional impact.Similarly, in A Dolls House Nora and Torvalds who le marriage is built on illusions. The characters untruthfulness and dishonesty towards each other marks their whole relationship. This is first revealed when Torvald asks Nora whether or not she broke any rules today and had taken a bite at a macaroon or two (Ibsen 6). Despite the fact that the audience had just seen Nora pop macaroons into her mouth as she came in, Nora completely denies it and tells Torvald falsely that I should not think of going against your wishes (Ibsen 6). Ibsen uses situational irony here to show that their whole marriage is based on fake appearances.The greatest deception in their relationship, however, is in the form of Noras secret debt. When Torvald was ill, she secretly borrowed money from Krogstad in order to travel to a southern climate to improve his condition. Until this day, Nora has not mentioned the matter to her husband and had been secretly repaying the debt, for she claims that Torvald and their marriage cannot sustain the knowledge of this s ecret. How painful and humiliating it would be for Torvald, with his manly independence, to know that he owed me anything. It would upset our mutual relations altogether; (Ibsen 13). Thus, Torvalds manly independence is only an illusion making the basis by which they treat each other also fake.Illusions are so common in both dramas that they mix in with reality until even the characters find it hard to differentiate between what appears to be true and what is false. In fact, in most of Albees play, George and Martha are engaging in emotional and psychological games. This becomes evident when Martha says to the bewildered Nick that there is only one man in my life who has evermade me happyGeorge (Albee 189-190). Despite continuously insulting and humiliating George, Martha still truly loves him. With this paradox Albee hints that their arguments are merely part of a game and that not everything is as it appears to be. Martha supports this idea when she advises Nick that he should not always deal in appearance (Albee 190). Furthermore, the only reason Martha seduces Nick is to get Georges attention and make him jealous. Yet, George acts as though he is indifferent and starts reading a book while Martha sexually entertains Nick. Later, it becomes apparent when George releases his fury alone on stage that he was only pretending not to care. Thus, their actions may all be false appearances. Nick even comments at the end that he doesnt know when George and Martha are lying. By blurring the lines between truth and illusion, Albee shows that it is not important whether something is a lie or not, yet the importance lies in how people choose to exist in a situation that theyve found themselves trapped.As a result of the lies between Nora and Torvald, the roles they each assume in their marriage are merely appearance. Nora, for example, takes the role of a child-wife and mother who is completely dependent on Torvald and who is a spendthrift when it comes to money. Torval d also supports this illusion through the names he uses to refer to her. For example, he calls Nora my little squirrel and my little skylark (Ibsen 4). Ibsen uses animal imagery to show that Torvald regards Nora as a small helpless creature. Nora in turn strengthens her fabricated role by acting as she knows Torvald wants her to be. The full falseness of her actions only becomes clear in the last scene of Act One when Nora tells Torvald that she absolutely needs his help, even with such a trifling issue as picking a costume for the upcoming ball. Torvald, couldnt you take me in hand and decide what I shall go asI cant get along a bit without your help (Ibsen 27). The audience knows, however, that Nora is not as helpless as she acts, for she had decided all by herself the important issue of borrowing money in order to save Torvalds life. Thus, the Nora Torvald thinks he is married to is merely an illusion, and Torvald cannot tell the difference between the fake, helpless Nora and the real one.Furthermore, Torvald takes the role of Noras protector, who would risk his life in order to save her. This is the wonderful thing (Ibsen 48) that Nora thinks is going to happen when Torvald finds out about her debt and forgery. Since women at that time could not sign a loan, even if it was for the sake of their family, Nora forged her fathers signature when she borrowed money from Krogstad, who now threatens to expose and humiliate her. Torvald, however, has also led her to believe that he will rescue her from this problem. He even tells Nora after he finds out that his best friend, Dr. Rank, is dying: Do you know, Nora, I have often wished that you might be threatened by some great danger, so that I might risk my lifes blood and everything for your sake (Ibsen 58). Yet, this was only an illusion of Torvald that Nora actually believed. When the time comes for him to find out about the debt, Torvald proves that he was a hypocrite and vulgarly abuses Nora for bringing this s hame upon him and even renounces her as his wife.At the end of each drama all these illusions are destroyed forcing the characters to come face to face with reality. In Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf?, George resolves the play by declaring the death of their imaginary son, who drove into a large tree as he swerved to avoid a porcupine (Albee 231). This is a form of paradox where Albee uses illusion to destroy another illusion. Though the boy, when he was a secret, provided a means of binding George and Martha together, after he was introduced to the real world, he became a source by which they attacked each other. Thus, George realizes that their kid has been brought too far into reality resulting in a negative effect on their marital relationship. As a result, he sacrifices the boy, who can be seen as a Christ figure, in order to save their marriage. In fact, Albee entitles the last Act The Exorcism referring to Georges exorcism of the destructive power of their illusory son on thei r marriage. When George tells Martha at the end that It will bebetter she answers with I dontknow (Albee 240). Although there is uncertainty as to whether or not their marriage will make it, at least now there is hope for progress because they can finally live honestly and truthfully without illusions. Yet, they must now experience reality no matter how painful it is, which scares Martha. Thus, the title of the play can, in fact, be translated into whos afraid to live without illusions?In A Dolls House, the illusion of Nora and Torvalds marriage is also destroyed giving them a chance to progress as individuals. At the end, when Torvalds reaction to the news of Noras forgery is far from what she expected, she realizes that she has been living with a complete stranger. Nora admits to him that when the wonderful thing did not happen, then I saw you were not the man I had thought you (Ibsen 66). Discovering that her husband confuses appearance with value and that he is more concerned wi th his position in society than with the emotional needs of his wife, Nora is forced to confront her personal worthlessness. She realizes that she has been living in a dolls house and that her husband has been playing with her just as [she] used to play with her dolls (Ibsen 63). In fact, their first honest expression of feeling happens at the end when Nora confronts Torvald about her conclusions. Thus, she destroys their doll house by deciding to leave her husband and search for her identity. This creates hope for truthful human relationships in the future. Perhaps in years to come, Nora and Torvald will also be able to restore their marriage.Both Whos Afraid of Virginia Woolf? and A Dolls House question the entire fabric of marital relationships. The marriage between each couple in the dramas was solely based on illusion. This in turn blurs the line between reality and fantasy and creates unreal, meaningless lives. A life of illusion is wrong because it produces a false content in life. Only by expressing true feelings and emotions can relationships actually progress.

Extraterritoriality and Extraterritorial Rights

Extraterritoriality, also known as extraterritorial rights, is an exemption from local laws. That means that an individual with extraterritoriality who commits a crime in a particular country cannot be tried by the authorities of that country, although often she or he will still be subject to trial in his or her own country. Historically, the imperial powers often forced weaker states to grant extraterritorial rights to their citizens who were not diplomats — including soldiers, traders, Christian missionaries, and the like. This was most famously the case in East Asia during the nineteenth century, where China and Japan were not formally colonized but were subjugated to an extent by the western powers. However, now these rights are most commonly granted to visiting foreign officials and even landmarks and plots of land dedicated to foreign agencies such as dual-nationality war cemeteries and memorials to famous foreign dignitaries. Who Had These Rights? In China, the citizens of Great Britain, the United States, France and later Japan had extraterritoriality under the unequal treaties. Great Britain was the first to impose such a treaty on China, in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War. In 1858, after Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet forced Japan to open several ports to ships from  the United States, western powers rushed to established most favored nation status with Japan, which included extraterritoriality. In addition to Americans, citizens of Britain, France, Russia, and the Netherlands enjoyed extraterritorial rights in Japan after 1858. However, Japans government learned quickly how to wield power in this newly internationalized world. By 1899, after the Meiji Restoration, it had renegotiated its treaties with all of the western powers ​and ended extraterritoriality for foreigners on Japanese soil. In addition, Japan and China granted each others citizens extraterritorial rights, but when Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, Chinese citizens lost those rights while Japans extraterritoriality was expanded under the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Extraterritoriality Today The Second World War effectively ended the unequal treaties. After 1945, the imperial world order crumbled and extraterritoriality fell into disuse outside of diplomatic circles. Today, ambassadors and their staffs, United Nations officials and offices, and ships that are sailing in international waters are among the people or spaces that may enjoy extraterritoriality. In modern times, contrary to the tradition, nations may extend these rights to allies who are visiting and often are employed during military troop ground movement through friendly territory. Interestingly, funeral services and memorials often are granted extraterritorial rights for the nation the monument, park or structure honors as is the case with the John F. Kennedy memorial in England and dual-nation cemeteries like the Normandy American Cemetary in France.

Granite Oil Corporation Case Study - 1336 Words

Executive Summary: This report outlines Granite Oil Corporation’s key strategic objectives and mission for value creation, external environment, organizational design, its competitive advantages, applications to course material and comparisons to other similar companies it is in competition with. Table of Contents Introduction Granite Oil Corporation is a relatively small public corporation dealing in exploration for and exploitation, development and production of oil and natural gas [4]. Granite Oil Corporation solely owns a reserve of oil on the Bakken formation near Lethbridge Alberta, and has developed this property with 44 horizontal production wells [5].†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Gail Hannon: CFO – with over two decades of oil and gas experience, Hannon is a professional accountant. She began her career with International Colin Energy Corp. and progressively climbed up towards more senior financial positions with multiple other companies prior to Granite Oil Corp. †¢ Bradley Porter – Director: as an independent businessman and co-founder of DeeThree, Porter has served as board member for numerous corporations in the oil and natural gas industry. Prior to DeeThree, He served as Executive Vice President and Director for two other companies in the industry. †¢ Martin Cheyne – Director: Cheyne served as President and Director to two companies, as well as founding Bredal Energy Corp. before becoming a founder of DeeThree. He also served as Director for Triaxon Resources Ltd., a corporation he sold a large portion of his Bredal’s producing assets to. He also served as a Vice President to International Colin Energy Corp. †¢ Kevin Andrus – Director: Andrus is a Portfolio Manager of Energy Investments with GMT Capital Corp. and a Chartered Financial Analyst who has spent many years working with a variety of investment management companies †¢ Henry Hamm – Director: Hamm is the owner and operator of several private companies in Alberta’s Grand Prairie Region, including land development, home building companies and oil and gas service companies †¢ Tyler Klatt – Director: a professional geologist with over fifteen years of experience working in theShow MoreRelatedBackground And Present Status Of Energy Sector Essay10096 Words   |  41 Pagesnatural resources such as oil, gas, coal, hard rock, white clay, boulder etc. Bangladesh being the prime delta in the world, serves as a decent pool of Natural Gas. Exploration activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Limited (BAPEX) and some International Oil Companies (IOC). Production activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Gas Fields Company Limited (BGFCL), Sylhet Gas Fields Limited (SGFL), BAPEX and some International Oil Companies (IOC). As on 20Read MoreThe Depositional Environment, Petrology, Mineralogy, Structure, Exploration and Processing of Oil in the Greater Green River Basin3236 Words   |  13 Pagesthe applications and economics of oil in the Greater Green River Basin. This paper will mainly focus on the oil shale within the basin but will also touch on some of the more conventional oil and gas plays as well. According to Crawford and Killen (2010), Oil Shale is defined as being â€Å"a sedimentary rock embedded with organic material called kerogen†¦ and has not been under the necessary heat, pressure, and/or depth for the right length of time to form crude oil†. Oil shale is typically found in silicaRead MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagesï » ¿ABSTRACT This study attempted to estimate the environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This researchRead MoreMunicipal Solid Waste in Our Locality6282 Words   |  26 Pagescompounded by increasing consumption levels. Among the solid waste generated in Indian cities, Kolkata’s position is second. The problem of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) also exists in the urban environment of Sonarpur. Therefore the present study was taken to find out the problems and prospects of Municipal solid waste in this area. A detailed investigation was made comprising the methods of practices asso ciated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatmentRead MoreEthical Companies12021 Words   |  49 PagesEthics/Compliance Program. 5. The Winners†¦ The highest EQ scores for each industry became this year’s 2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies. 2011 WORLD’S MOST ETHICAL COMPANIES: Aerospace Indra Sistemas Rockwell Collins Inc. The Aerospace Corporation Apparel Adidas Comme Il Faut Gap Patagonia Timberland Auctions eBay Automotive Cummins Denso Ford Motor Company Johnson Controls Banking Australia and New Zealand Banking Group National Australia Bank Rabobank Standard CharteredRead MoreRed Stone Project Essay12447 Words   |  50 Pages------------------------------------------------- REDUCING RED STONE’S BUDGET AND SCHEDULING DEFICIENCIES REDUCING RED STONE’S BUDGET AND SCHEDULING DEFICIENCIES Prepared for The Red Stone Corporation Prepared by Andy Tran, Megan Manning Meghan Murray Salwa Nsier Wednesday 21st, November 2012 Executive Summary Manning amp; Company International commissioned this report to determine Red Stone Corporations budget and schedule deficiencies. We have developed a surveyRead More Geothermal Energy Essay4754 Words   |  20 PagesThese hot bodies sunk into and became part of the constantly growing core. Less dense elements were pushed towards the surface and began to form the crust. The early crust or crystalline barrier consisted of ultra basic, basic, calc-alkaline, and granite. The early crust was very thin because the core was extremely hot. It is estimated that the mantel e 200 to 300 degrees Celsius warmer than it is today. As the core cooled through volcanism the crust became thicker and cooler. The earth is madeRead MoreSingapore Country Evaluation6503 Words   |  27 PagesCountry Analysis of SINGAPORE Submitted By: Rohit.J.Bathija. Roll no: 12. Course: M.M.S 2nd Year. Submitted To: Prof. Kavita Kanabar. Vivekanand Education Institute of Management Studies Research. Chembur (E), Mumbai. SINGAPORE Table Of Contents Page. 1 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING SINGAPORE Geographic Location SINGAPORE is situated in south of Asia and enjoys a geographical advantage from the point of view of exports as it has the Pacific Ocean on one side and Indian Ocean onRead More The Sale of Indian Textiles in Canada Essay6159 Words   |  25 Pagestrade are the United States, Russia, Japan, Iraq, Iran, and central and eastern Europe. Indias exports to Canada were valued at over $1 billion. Indias total imports were valued at about $50.2 billion in 1999. These import commodities included crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems fertilizer and chemicals. Indias external debt is valued at $98 billion. US$ 1 is equal to 45.797 rupees, which, is Indias currency. 3.1.6 Physical Infrastructure The diversity of the Indian populationRead Moreventure capital Essays16329 Words   |  66 Pagestheir own and capitalize on opportunities. In the highly dynamic economic climate that surrounds us today, few ‘traditional’ business models may survive. Countries across the globe are realizing that it is not the conglomerates and the gigantic corporations that fuel economic growth any more. The essence of any economy today is the small and medium enterprises. This growing trend can be attributed to rapid advances in technology in the last decade. Knowledge driven industries like InfoTech, health-care

Italy Terror free essay sample

How far was Mussolinis control of Italy in the years 192543 dependent on the use of terror? In the years 1 925 to 1943 Mussolini had control over Italy and to an extent t his control was dependent on the use of terror. However, it can be argued that it wasnt the o only factor and that it was his policies and governments appeal to the populace that got him genuine e support. But this support was maintained by his ability to crush opposition and prevent challenge GE.The threat and use Of force against the Italian populace played a role in maim initiating Mussolinis intro, preventing challenge and his ability to crush opposition. The death of Immediate in 1924 proved to the Italian people that Mussolini had no objection to the use of term or and violence, although Mussolini denies involvement theres evidence to suggest he did. By 1926 open opposition became increasingly more difficult due to a ban on political activity outside the e Fascist Party and by this time it was probable that Fa scist Squads murdered around 2000 opponent ants. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Terror or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The terror went further, Mussolini used the secret police, the OVER, to spy on dissidents, which led to them being severely beaten up and imprisoned without trial. This would act as a warning to others not to oppose and without opposition Mussolinis control remained. AntiFascist opposition no longer had a platform for their views after the IM position of press censorship. Due to this, within Italy, opposition was sparse and disorganized. But some groups like the Communists who tried to maintain an underground party organization PU blushed their own newspaper, Limit , which distributed antifascist leaflets.However, it was constantly hounded by the regime and in 1 927 the founder of L Unit;, Grammas was imprisoned. This inclines to others that opposition will not be tolerated by the regime and ensures Mussolinis control . There were few individuals who openly criticized the regime and from time to time the OVER or the militia simply assaulted people which was thought to encourage cooperation, it was gauges sting that conformity was the safest option. Again, this shows the extent of Mussolinis use of terror and how he used it to maintain his control.Another use of terror was the setting up of concentration camps, which were on a lot smaller scale than that of Nazi concentration camps. They held fewer than 5000 prisoners, t he conditions were tough and some torture did occur but brutality was not systematic. Mussolini mainly used them for the punishment of those who oppose the regime. This suggests that Mussolini i did need terror to maintain his control as he had to keep opposition to a minimum to succeed. Despite the use of terror, it can be argued that Mussolinis economic policies were what maintained his control. Firstly, the regime claimed credit for increasing profits and tried to win over industrialists by appointing Alberta De Stefan as Treasury Minister which would help areas ere industrialists due to his traditional policy. However, by 1 925 Mussolini had dismissed De Stefan an d took less notice of business interests, meaning his support would be more dependent on his use of terror and he stopped caring about genuine support from the Italian people. At this time the e boom in which the fascist party rose in began to come to an end and the exchange rate of lira WA falling against other currencies.Mussolini found this unacceptable and so declared his battle for Ii RA. The revaluation of the lira should of helped the Italian consumer which would win him over there e support, however Mussolini prevented this by placing high tariffs on many foreign imports which h made him unpopular and therefore made him more dependent on the use of terror as his genuine support declined.

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send

Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours Essay When comparing these poems I feel that it is essential to take into account the narrative and if applicable, the character in which each has been written. As each poet is an individual who will have their own viewpoint and opinion of any event. The Going of the battery, is the earliest of the three poems; and was most probably written during the Boer war. Therefore this war wouldnt have been as technologically advanced nor as deadly as world war one, which is the war that the other two poems are about. Despite the better odds of survival that the soldiers had their partners were still worried for their safety. This anxiety can be seen through the tone of the poem, which is worried and reflective: We will write a custom essay on Compare the changing attitudes/views on war between The Going of the Battery, The Send-off and Joining the Colours specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Nevermore will they come evermore. This worry can also be seen in the rhythm and rhyme scheme of the poem, which is regular up until the point where Hardy puts emphasis on the soldiers departure All we loved. The poems structure is such that it shows the womens worry in a very effective way, in that it goes from the women complaining and getting their fear stuck in the readers head through repetition: Oh it was sad enough, weak enough, mad enough Then to their begrudging their partners because they see them as: Stepping steadily-only too readily!- To them becoming seemingly jealous of the guns that their partners are going to join, which I say because the collective thoughts of the women actually personifies the guns: Great guns were gleaming there, living things seeming there, Cloaked in their tar-cloths, upmouthed to the night; Wheels wet and yellow from axle to felloe, Throats blank of sound, but prophetic to sight. After that the women get upset and warn their men not to court perils that honour could miss. Which could mean that they view their men act all big and tough in front of their friends and so consequently might act irresponsibly and get themselves hurt. The poem then goes on to show that the women are worries but that they still keep their hopes up even when they are feeling as though life beats are low, they at least seem to hopeful that: Some Hand will guard their ways. The Send-off appears to me to be slightly more pessimistic than the Going of the Battery. This can be seen through its mocking yet reflective tone: Their breasts were stuck all white with wreath and spray As mens are dead. It may also be seen if one notes the way in which it starts with a loud and happy atmosphere when the soldiers sang, and ends silent. Also the poem seems, in parts, to have a conspiratorial tone too it: So secretly like wrongs hushed up. This might be a reflection of what Owens thoughts of war were, as it  bears a resemblance to Dulce et Decorum Est, which also implies lies and injustice. Owen uses personification to add to this conspiratorial tone: Then, unmoved, signals nodded, and a lamp Winked to the guard. This could symbolise his distrust of everyone in that everybody is in on the conspiracy and are against him.

Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger

On January 8th, 1975, Joseph Kallinger and his thirteen year old son Michael from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania set out to go hunting. Seems normal enough, but just what they were hunting is what makes for a perverse story. Kallinger and son were hunting for young, attractive women with children, to rape and kill. On the morning of January 8th, 1975, Kallinger and his son took a bus ride from their home in Philadelphia to the New York City area. They arrived in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The two walked around for a while but were not impressed with the pray they found in the town. They then moved on to the small town of Leonia, New Jersey. The first victim was Didi Romaine-Wiseman, a twenty eight year old woman with two children. Didi was at her mother’s house visiting when Joseph and Michael arrived at the house. When Didi confronted the Kallingers, Joseph then stated that he was a â€Å"John Hancock† salesman. When Didi told them to leave the property Kallinger Sr. then seized her and forced his way into the house. Didi fought back before Joseph pulled a revolver on her. Her son Robert, hearing all the commotion, came into the room and screamed in horror by the event that was taking place. Kallinger then pointed the gun at him, stated that this was a robbery and if they did as he said no one would be harmed. He then proceeded to put the gun back into his pocket and then he took out a knife, ordered Didi not to look at him, and then asked if anyone else was in the house. Kallinger then learned about her grandmother and pushed Robert and Didi upstairs to her grandmother’s bedroom. He then saw an empty bedroom pushed Didi in and told her to take off her clothes. She refused, Joseph then stripped her clothes off, removed her jewelry and tied her elbows and ankles together with electrical cord. He then did the same to Robert and then lied him down next to his mother on the bed. Joseph then raped Didi... Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger Free Essays on Joseph Kallinger On January 8th, 1975, Joseph Kallinger and his thirteen year old son Michael from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania set out to go hunting. Seems normal enough, but just what they were hunting is what makes for a perverse story. Kallinger and son were hunting for young, attractive women with children, to rape and kill. On the morning of January 8th, 1975, Kallinger and his son took a bus ride from their home in Philadelphia to the New York City area. They arrived in Fort Lee, New Jersey. The two walked around for a while but were not impressed with the pray they found in the town. They then moved on to the small town of Leonia, New Jersey. The first victim was Didi Romaine-Wiseman, a twenty eight year old woman with two children. Didi was at her mother’s house visiting when Joseph and Michael arrived at the house. When Didi confronted the Kallingers, Joseph then stated that he was a â€Å"John Hancock† salesman. When Didi told them to leave the property Kallinger Sr. then seized her and forced his way into the house. Didi fought back before Joseph pulled a revolver on her. Her son Robert, hearing all the commotion, came into the room and screamed in horror by the event that was taking place. Kallinger then pointed the gun at him, stated that this was a robbery and if they did as he said no one would be harmed. He then proceeded to put the gun back into his pocket and then he took out a knife, ordered Didi not to look at him, and then asked if anyone else was in the house. Kallinger then learned about her grandmother and pushed Robert and Didi upstairs to her grandmother’s bedroom. He then saw an empty bedroom pushed Didi in and told her to take off her clothes. She refused, Joseph then stripped her clothes off, removed her jewelry and tied her elbows and ankles together with electrical cord. He then did the same to Robert and then lied him down next to his mother on the bed. Joseph then raped Didi...

Report on Design Methods and Technology Project Essay

Report on Design Methods and Technology Project - Essay Example Security nowadays has become complicated due to the increase in criminal activities that have prompted the use of technology in countering them (Angelo 2007). The robots use only the battery and there are obedient to their programming and instructions given to them by the specialized technicians. The robots therefore enable the employment of specialized individuals to control and monitor the robot for security purposes. More resources have been wasted due to investment in inefficiency security systems that are not effective. The public, as a result, suffers from the inefficiencies in the security systems and may decide to invest in other options to maximize protection on their premises. Security at present is thus an important venture that should be managed effectively to ensure that those answerable for crimes are brought to book. Robots are efficient systems that can be put into proper use if employed effectively (Angelo 2007). The robots can improve security significantly and can deal with dangers perpetrated by various people by putting in place strategic measures. The robots are mobile objects using advanced technology to monitor activities around a particular place. The robots are well suited for buildings since they can move smoothly throughout the building. Various robotic systems are used by the military to perform surveillance. One such technology is a drone. It passes over land, and its unmanned reduced the risk of casualties especially where it is monitoring an unauthorized area. There are various financial needs for the efficient running of the project that the report is going to bring forth. The use of robots is quite efficient since the robot is monitored from a distance, and one does not have to be their all the time in the case of humans guarding a particular premise. The robots do not get tired and, therefore, improve the security of an establishment. The robots need finances and the proper components for security robots are

Risk evaluation and calculation for a company. Importance of risk Essay

Risk evaluation and calculation for a company. Importance of risk evaluation while taking investment decisions - Essay Example In order to illustrate the complexities of risks involved, the subject of evaluation shall be a multinational company, principally located in an emerging Asian country, but producing an internationally marketed product. While the foreign firm boasts a fundamentally sound business, the fact that it involves investment in another country requires consideration of the various risks. A UK-based investment fund is considering investing in the Asian emerging market. It is considering SMCorp, a food and beverage company principally located in the Philippines. Its main product is the globally renowned San Miguel Beer which had won numerous prestigious international awards. SMCorp has expanded its operations abroad and established breweries located in China, Malaysia, and South America. The Philippine currency has an exchange rate of about PhP69:Â £1, within the past year varying between PhP73:Â £1 and PhP68:Â £1. SMCorp stock is sufficiently liquid and is a favourite among global funds that decide to invest in the Philippines, because of its excellent company fundamentals and steady rate of return. The company regularly declares a uniform stream of annual dividends and exhibits a strong cashflow pattern. Its stock price has a beta coefficient of 0.8. Its 52-week per-share figures are a high of PhP 61 and a low of PhP 38; it is currently at PhP 41. Being in the co nsumer food and beverage industry, demand for SMCorp’s products are consistent even during economic downturns, and sales are brisk locally and abroad. Risk, as applied to investments, is the probability of earning a return less than the expected return (Brigham, 1996). Investors are usually risk-averse; that is, investors will as much as possible try to avoid chances of earning below expected income, moreso chances of loss. Investors who do not assume more than the prevailing

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay Example for Free

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. Page 115-Scout explains that Jem doesn’t want her hanging around him all the time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ stop pestering me. † And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. Page 116-â€Å"Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. † Meaning that he is rational now and understands things†¦not like a little kid anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesn’t understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks. Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. Page 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not coming to visit for the summer, and Aunt Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the trial of Tom Robinson. 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. a. Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They don’t possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They are surprised when church goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, just as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both welcoming to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world throughout the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking care of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is important because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was probably asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids while the trial is going on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is going on. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great deal of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and generally did fit right into town’s society. However, Alexandra didn’t understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the children’s behavior. Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. English 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions: Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scout’s visit to Calpurnia’s church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnia’s church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. â€Å"Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. † Explain.

Capital vs. Labor Essay -- Economy, Stock Market

Chapter 19 of Liberty, Equality, and Power, asks what the most significant ways in which the ongoing struggle between capital and labor reshaped American society during the late 19th century (Murrin, 523). In response, one of the most important contributions was the introduction of new technologies utilized primarily in factories. This in turn lead to the revolutionizing of production lines, and corporations. This domino effect continued on to spur the birth of unions in the United States, who organized rebellions against corporate power still used today. Finally during this time women underwent a transformation of their civil rights, as well as their role in society. The introduction of new technologies was a double-edged sword in forming society. On one note, inventions like the phonograph, or the electric dynamo brought entertainment and commonplace items to the middle class, as well as household appliance to today's society. Another benefit, included the shift from steam engines to that of internal combustion, seen in automobiles (500). On another side, factories became more efficient by means such as the open-hearth process used in steel mills, leading to lower wages, and longer hours for workers (500). Although the first example has provided today’s society with modern appliances, the latter was more significant during the early 19th century. Now that production lines were more prominent, workers no longer needed to be skilled in multiple jobs, and in turn they were easily replaced by those willing to work for the lowest price. As factory operators pushed their employees to work longer and harder in order to increase profits, unions were formed. An example of this would be the fraternal organizat... ...found that the book gave perspective to each of the individual classes, rather than covering only the bourgeois or the proletariat. Today you will scarcely find a job or institution were women are not allowed, had I not read this chapter it would have been very difficult for me to understand what women at this time went through. Understanding how the people of this time period lived allows me to relate this information to today’s society. This will aid me for the exam by allowing me to connect with these events, in a very personal manner. However I believe that if there were more potential questions at the end of the chapters it would provide more food for thought, and better help one learn the material. Furthermore being able to use more outside material for this assignment, would have led to a more diversified view, as well as more supported arguments.

Chapter 1 indians the settlements of america Essay

1. Jamestown was the first colony that gets found. It was there where the first permanent settlement occurs. Jamestown was a poor location for colonization. The men dug wells to obtain water, but the water they found could not drink because it was contaminated. In addition, the ground was wet and had too many mosquitos. The mosquitoes were carriers of diseases and made the settlers sick. After a year, about half of the settlers had died of disease and starvation. The Native American Indians kept the English alive providing them with food. The English were so busy trying to discover gold that they didn’t bother trying to grow food. That was when Captain John Smith became leader of the Jamestown colony. He saved the colony by creating a rule, which maintained that anyone who did not work would have no right to eat. This made the colonist planted food, and they were forced to build shelters and fences to protect against any attack. These American Indians or â€Å"Amerinds†, showed them great diversity of character and attainments due to the differences in climate, soil, food, building material, and the activities necessary to preserve life. They taught the settlers how to plant and grow corn, beans, squash, etc. and also helped them to establish good relations with neighboring Indian tribes. On the other hand what the English settlers offered to Native Americans Indians was different. In exchange for food, they offered them weapons, horses, cattle, sheep, vegetables and fruits, hatchets, swords, metal pots, skillets and knives, which would give them the technological advantage over their enemies. They brought not only tools for the conquest of the wilderness, but also the forms of government, the religion, the books, and the languages of the Old World. But besides the different technologies and different lifestyles that they offered to them, the English brought with them different types of diseases, such as smallpox, which was lethal to Amerinds, this produced a lethal epidemic that affected a large portion of the tribe. American Indians had a very different culture from the English people. Despite some successful interaction, questions of ownership and control of land and trust between peoples, caused conflicts arise. Virginia suffers very frequent periods of drought and by that time the colonists did not understand that the natives were ill prepared to feed them during the hard times. In the years after 1612, settlers cleared the land to prepare it for export farms dedicated tobacco, its crucial crop for economic purposes. When the tobacco exhausted farmland, the settlers continuously had to clear more areas to replace them. This small wooded land was that the Indians could use to hunt and supplement their food crops. The more settlers arrived, the more demanding land. The spread of tobacco cultivation altered life for everyone, because its cultivation required abundant land. The tribes tried to fight the invasion of the settlers. The main conflicts occurred with the indigenous slaughter of 1622 and another in 1644, both under the command of the younger brother of the late Chief Powhatan, Chief Opechancanough. Recognizing the danger, the war leader launched coordinated attacks along the James River on March 22, 1622. By the end of the day 347 colonist lay dead, and only a timely warning from two Christian converts saved Jamestown itself from destruction. Europeans had a very mixed picture of the native Indians. On one hand, they believed that the Indians could be soft and generous and also attentive and willing to trade. At first it was a very positive image and the settlers had hoped that they would be welcomed with open arms and friendly hands. They wanted to believe their way to the Garden of Eden. 2. After reading the three sources that tell the story of the Indians and the Settlement of America, I found it more accurate the description number 3 â€Å"A people and a Nation† (2008) that gives us Mary Beth Norton, because I think is a very complete description about the events that occurred with the New World. She begins by describing how other civilizations of America were. She mentions how that residents, of what is now central Mexico began to cultivate food crops, especially corn, squash, beans, avocados, and peppers; while in the Andes Mountains of South America, people began to cultivate potatoes, and it was thanks to the improvement of these techniques of agriculture that could be spread this knowledge through America with the exception of those areas with harsher climates. Thanks to agriculture most of the Americans began to adopt a more sedentary life, without the need to spend so much time hunting and gathering. I believe that it is very appropriate that she mentions these details, since it is important to us as readers have an idea of how other civilizations in the Americas were, in this manner we can understand a little more about the civilization of the Native Americans Indians, because in some way they were very similar to each other. In the same way, in this source the author also makes mention of another significant civilization of America, the Aztecs; they were one of the most important and recognized civilizations of the American continent, they had a style a little different from other civilizations, they tended to be a little more wild, they use to forced their neighbors to pay tribute in textiles, gold, foodstuffs and even in human beings, who were sacrificed to the war god Huitzilopochtli. After the author made mention of these events, she continues her story mentioning the arrival of the English for the first time in 1607 to a region near to Chesapeake Bay called Tsenacomoco. It was a group of 104 men and boys, who established the palisaded settlement called Jamestown. This source tells us the beginning of a radical change to this Nation; the author mentions the number of people, the name of the region in which they arrived, and the date on which this happened; it seems to me that these data are necessary to know for any American person, I think it is important for all of us who live in this continent know this historical fact, and more specifically know what happened in this country. I am convinced that this source is more accurate, because it shows us these and more details, and is more precise describing how was the relationship between the colonists and the Native American Indians. It shows us what was the difference between these two different civilizations, and at the same time expresses us which were their similarities. Both groups held deep religious beliefs, subsisted primarily through agriculture, accepted social and political hierarchy, and observed well-defined gender roles. Despite the coexistence that came to have each other, both groups continued to have their own beliefs and thoughts, which for me in somehow led them to start a war, because the settlers wanted to impose their will on the Indians, and at the same time the Indians wanted to not let this happen, and also they were tired of being their food source and carriers of diseases that the settlers brought.

Slavery and Identity Among the Cherokee

The institution of slavery in the United States long pre-dates the African slave trade. But by the late 1700’s the practice of slaveholding by southern Indian nations—the Cherokee in particular—had taken hold as their interactions with Euro-Americans increased. Today’s Cherokee still grapple with the troubling legacy of slavery in their nation with the Freedman dispute. Scholarship on slavery in the Cherokee nation typically focuses on analyzing the circumstances that help to explain it, often describing a less brutal form of slavery (an idea some scholars debate). Nevertheless, the practice of African slaveholding forever changed the way Cherokees view race which they continue to reconcile today. The Roots of Slavery in the Cherokee Nation The slave trade on US soil has its roots in the arrival of the first Europeans who developed an extensive transatlantic business in the trafficking of Indians. Indian slavery would last well into the mid-to-late 1700s before it was outlawed, by which time the African slave trade was well established. Until that time, the Cherokee had a long history of being subject to capture and then exported to foreign lands as slaves. But while the Cherokee, like many Indian tribes who also had histories of inter-tribal raiding which sometimes included the taking of captives who could be killed, traded, or eventually adopted into the tribe, the continual incursion of European immigrants into their lands would expose them to foreign ideas of racial hierarchies that reinforced the idea of black inferiority. In 1730 a dubious delegation of Cherokee signed a treaty with the British (the Treaty of Dover) committing them to return runaway slaves (for which they would be rewarded), the first â€Å"official† act of complicity in the African slave trade. However, an apparent sense of ambivalence toward the treaty would manifest among the Cherokee who sometimes aided runaways, kept them for themselves, or adopted them. Scholars like Tiya Miles note that Cherokees valued slaves not just for their labor, but also for their intellectual skills like their knowledge of English and Euro-American customs, and sometimes married them. Influence of Euro-American Slavery One significant influence on the Cherokee to adopt slavery came at the behest of the United States government. After the Americans’ defeat of the British (with whom the Cherokee sided), the Cherokee signed the Treaty of Holston in 1791 which called for Cherokee to adopt a sedentary farming and ranching-based life, with the US agreeing to supply them with the â€Å"implements of husbandry.† The idea was in keeping with George Washington’s desire to assimilate Indians into white culture rather than exterminate them, but inherent in this new way of life, particularly in the South, was the practice of slaveholding. In general, slaveholding in the Cherokee nation was limited to a wealthy minority of mixed-blood Euro-Cherokees (although some full blood Cherokees did own slaves). Records indicate that the proportion of Cherokee slave owners was slightly higher than white southerners, 7.4% and 5% respectively. Oral history narratives from the 1930s indicate that slaves were often treated with greater mercy by Cherokee slave owners. This is reinforced by the records of an early Indian agent of the US government who, after advising that the Cherokee take up slave owning in 1796 as part of their â€Å"civilizing† process, found them to be lacking in their ability to work their slaves hard enough. Other records, on the other hand, reveal that Cherokee slave owners could be just as brutal as their white southern counterparts. Slavery in any form was resisted, but the cruelty of Cherokee slave owners like the notorious Joseph Vann would contribute to uprisings like the Cherokee Slave Revolt of 184 2. Complicated Relations and Identities The history of Cherokee slavery points to the ways relationships between slaves and their Cherokee owners were not always clear cut relationships of domination and subjugation. The Cherokee, like the Seminole, Chickasaw, Creek and Choctaw came to be known as the â€Å"Five Civilized Tribes† because of their willingness to adopt the ways of white culture (like slavery). Motivated by the effort to protect their lands, only to be betrayed with their forced removal by the US government, removal subjected African slaves of the Cherokee to the additional trauma of yet another dislocation. Those who were the product of mixed parentage would straddle a complex and fine line between an identity of Indian or black which could mean the difference between freedom and bondage. But even freedom would mean persecution of the type experienced by Indians who were losing their lands and cultures, coupled with the social stigma of being â€Å"mulatto.† The story of the Cherokee warrior and slave owner Shoe Boots and his family exemplifies these struggles. Shoe Boots, a prosperous Cherokee landowner, acquired a slave named Dolly around the turn of the 18th century, with whom he had an intimate relationship and three children. Because the children were born to a slave and children by white law followed the condition of the mother, the children were considered slaves until Shoe Boots was able to have them emancipated by the Cherokee nation. After his death, however, they would later be captured and forced into servitude, and even after a sister was able to secure their freedom, they would experience further disruption when they along with thousands of other Cherokees would be pushed out of their country on the Trail of Tears. The descendants of Shoe Boots would find themselves at the crossroads of identity not only as Freedman denied the benefits of citizenship in the Cherokee nation, but as people who have at times denied their black ness in favor of their Indianness. Sources Miles, Tiya. Ties That Bind: The Story of an Afro-Cherokee Family in Slavery and Freedom. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.Miles, Tiya. â€Å"The Narrative of Nancy, A Cherokee Woman.† Frontiers: A Journal of Women’s Studies. Vol. 29, Nos. 2 3., pp. 59-80.Naylor, Celia. African Cherokees in Indian Territory: From Chattel to Citizens. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.