Extraterritoriality and Extraterritorial Rights

Extraterritoriality, also known as extraterritorial rights, is an exemption from local laws. That means that an individual with extraterritoriality who commits a crime in a particular country cannot be tried by the authorities of that country, although often she or he will still be subject to trial in his or her own country. Historically, the imperial powers often forced weaker states to grant extraterritorial rights to their citizens who were not diplomats — including soldiers, traders, Christian missionaries, and the like. This was most famously the case in East Asia during the nineteenth century, where China and Japan were not formally colonized but were subjugated to an extent by the western powers. However, now these rights are most commonly granted to visiting foreign officials and even landmarks and plots of land dedicated to foreign agencies such as dual-nationality war cemeteries and memorials to famous foreign dignitaries. Who Had These Rights? In China, the citizens of Great Britain, the United States, France and later Japan had extraterritoriality under the unequal treaties. Great Britain was the first to impose such a treaty on China, in the 1842 Treaty of Nanking that ended the First Opium War. In 1858, after Commodore Matthew Perrys fleet forced Japan to open several ports to ships from  the United States, western powers rushed to established most favored nation status with Japan, which included extraterritoriality. In addition to Americans, citizens of Britain, France, Russia, and the Netherlands enjoyed extraterritorial rights in Japan after 1858. However, Japans government learned quickly how to wield power in this newly internationalized world. By 1899, after the Meiji Restoration, it had renegotiated its treaties with all of the western powers ​and ended extraterritoriality for foreigners on Japanese soil. In addition, Japan and China granted each others citizens extraterritorial rights, but when Japan defeated China in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95, Chinese citizens lost those rights while Japans extraterritoriality was expanded under the terms of the Treaty of Shimonoseki. Extraterritoriality Today The Second World War effectively ended the unequal treaties. After 1945, the imperial world order crumbled and extraterritoriality fell into disuse outside of diplomatic circles. Today, ambassadors and their staffs, United Nations officials and offices, and ships that are sailing in international waters are among the people or spaces that may enjoy extraterritoriality. In modern times, contrary to the tradition, nations may extend these rights to allies who are visiting and often are employed during military troop ground movement through friendly territory. Interestingly, funeral services and memorials often are granted extraterritorial rights for the nation the monument, park or structure honors as is the case with the John F. Kennedy memorial in England and dual-nation cemeteries like the Normandy American Cemetary in France.

Granite Oil Corporation Case Study - 1336 Words

Executive Summary: This report outlines Granite Oil Corporation’s key strategic objectives and mission for value creation, external environment, organizational design, its competitive advantages, applications to course material and comparisons to other similar companies it is in competition with. Table of Contents Introduction Granite Oil Corporation is a relatively small public corporation dealing in exploration for and exploitation, development and production of oil and natural gas [4]. Granite Oil Corporation solely owns a reserve of oil on the Bakken formation near Lethbridge Alberta, and has developed this property with 44 horizontal production wells [5].†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Gail Hannon: CFO – with over two decades of oil and gas experience, Hannon is a professional accountant. She began her career with International Colin Energy Corp. and progressively climbed up towards more senior financial positions with multiple other companies prior to Granite Oil Corp. †¢ Bradley Porter – Director: as an independent businessman and co-founder of DeeThree, Porter has served as board member for numerous corporations in the oil and natural gas industry. Prior to DeeThree, He served as Executive Vice President and Director for two other companies in the industry. †¢ Martin Cheyne – Director: Cheyne served as President and Director to two companies, as well as founding Bredal Energy Corp. before becoming a founder of DeeThree. He also served as Director for Triaxon Resources Ltd., a corporation he sold a large portion of his Bredal’s producing assets to. He also served as a Vice President to International Colin Energy Corp. †¢ Kevin Andrus – Director: Andrus is a Portfolio Manager of Energy Investments with GMT Capital Corp. and a Chartered Financial Analyst who has spent many years working with a variety of investment management companies †¢ Henry Hamm – Director: Hamm is the owner and operator of several private companies in Alberta’s Grand Prairie Region, including land development, home building companies and oil and gas service companies †¢ Tyler Klatt – Director: a professional geologist with over fifteen years of experience working in theShow MoreRelatedBackground And Present Status Of Energy Sector Essay10096 Words   |  41 Pagesnatural resources such as oil, gas, coal, hard rock, white clay, boulder etc. Bangladesh being the prime delta in the world, serves as a decent pool of Natural Gas. Exploration activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Petroleum Exploration and Production Company Limited (BAPEX) and some International Oil Companies (IOC). Production activities are undertaken by Bangladesh Gas Fields Company Limited (BGFCL), Sylhet Gas Fields Limited (SGFL), BAPEX and some International Oil Companies (IOC). As on 20Read MoreThe Depositional Environment, Petrology, Mineralogy, Structure, Exploration and Processing of Oil in the Greater Green River Basin3236 Words   |  13 Pagesthe applications and economics of oil in the Greater Green River Basin. This paper will mainly focus on the oil shale within the basin but will also touch on some of the more conventional oil and gas plays as well. According to Crawford and Killen (2010), Oil Shale is defined as being â€Å"a sedimentary rock embedded with organic material called kerogen†¦ and has not been under the necessary heat, pressure, and/or depth for the right length of time to form crude oil†. Oil shale is typically found in silicaRead MoreAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN THE MINING SECTOR IN NIGERIA15805 Words   |  64 Pagesï » ¿ABSTRACT This study attempted to estimate the environmental impact of Foreign Direct Investment in the mining sector in Nigeria. It is argued that only those countries that have reached a certain income level can absorb new technologies and benefit from technology diffusion, and thus reap the extra advantages that FDI can offer. The mining industry in Nigeria is dominated by oil. Indeed, Nigeria is the largest producer of this commodity in Africa and sixth largest producers in the world. This researchRead MoreMunicipal Solid Waste in Our Locality6282 Words   |  26 Pagescompounded by increasing consumption levels. Among the solid waste generated in Indian cities, Kolkata’s position is second. The problem of municipal solid waste management (MSWM) also exists in the urban environment of Sonarpur. Therefore the present study was taken to find out the problems and prospects of Municipal solid waste in this area. A detailed investigation was made comprising the methods of practices asso ciated with sources, quantity generated, collection, transportation, storage, treatmentRead MoreEthical Companies12021 Words   |  49 PagesEthics/Compliance Program. 5. The Winners†¦ The highest EQ scores for each industry became this year’s 2011 World’s Most Ethical Companies. 2011 WORLD’S MOST ETHICAL COMPANIES: Aerospace Indra Sistemas Rockwell Collins Inc. The Aerospace Corporation Apparel Adidas Comme Il Faut Gap Patagonia Timberland Auctions eBay Automotive Cummins Denso Ford Motor Company Johnson Controls Banking Australia and New Zealand Banking Group National Australia Bank Rabobank Standard CharteredRead MoreRed Stone Project Essay12447 Words   |  50 Pages------------------------------------------------- REDUCING RED STONE’S BUDGET AND SCHEDULING DEFICIENCIES REDUCING RED STONE’S BUDGET AND SCHEDULING DEFICIENCIES Prepared for The Red Stone Corporation Prepared by Andy Tran, Megan Manning Meghan Murray Salwa Nsier Wednesday 21st, November 2012 Executive Summary Manning amp; Company International commissioned this report to determine Red Stone Corporations budget and schedule deficiencies. We have developed a surveyRead More Geothermal Energy Essay4754 Words   |  20 PagesThese hot bodies sunk into and became part of the constantly growing core. Less dense elements were pushed towards the surface and began to form the crust. The early crust or crystalline barrier consisted of ultra basic, basic, calc-alkaline, and granite. The early crust was very thin because the core was extremely hot. It is estimated that the mantel e 200 to 300 degrees Celsius warmer than it is today. As the core cooled through volcanism the crust became thicker and cooler. The earth is madeRead MoreSingapore Country Evaluation6503 Words   |  27 PagesCountry Analysis of SINGAPORE Submitted By: Rohit.J.Bathija. Roll no: 12. Course: M.M.S 2nd Year. Submitted To: Prof. Kavita Kanabar. Vivekanand Education Institute of Management Studies Research. Chembur (E), Mumbai. SINGAPORE Table Of Contents Page. 1 INTERNATIONAL MARKETING SINGAPORE Geographic Location SINGAPORE is situated in south of Asia and enjoys a geographical advantage from the point of view of exports as it has the Pacific Ocean on one side and Indian Ocean onRead More The Sale of Indian Textiles in Canada Essay6159 Words   |  25 Pagestrade are the United States, Russia, Japan, Iraq, Iran, and central and eastern Europe. Indias exports to Canada were valued at over $1 billion. Indias total imports were valued at about $50.2 billion in 1999. These import commodities included crude oil and petroleum products, machinery, gems fertilizer and chemicals. Indias external debt is valued at $98 billion. US$ 1 is equal to 45.797 rupees, which, is Indias currency. 3.1.6 Physical Infrastructure The diversity of the Indian populationRead Moreventure capital Essays16329 Words   |  66 Pagestheir own and capitalize on opportunities. In the highly dynamic economic climate that surrounds us today, few ‘traditional’ business models may survive. Countries across the globe are realizing that it is not the conglomerates and the gigantic corporations that fuel economic growth any more. The essence of any economy today is the small and medium enterprises. This growing trend can be attributed to rapid advances in technology in the last decade. Knowledge driven industries like InfoTech, health-care

Italy Terror free essay sample

How far was Mussolinis control of Italy in the years 192543 dependent on the use of terror? In the years 1 925 to 1943 Mussolini had control over Italy and to an extent t his control was dependent on the use of terror. However, it can be argued that it wasnt the o only factor and that it was his policies and governments appeal to the populace that got him genuine e support. But this support was maintained by his ability to crush opposition and prevent challenge GE.The threat and use Of force against the Italian populace played a role in maim initiating Mussolinis intro, preventing challenge and his ability to crush opposition. The death of Immediate in 1924 proved to the Italian people that Mussolini had no objection to the use of term or and violence, although Mussolini denies involvement theres evidence to suggest he did. By 1926 open opposition became increasingly more difficult due to a ban on political activity outside the e Fascist Party and by this time it was probable that Fa scist Squads murdered around 2000 opponent ants. We will write a custom essay sample on Italy Terror or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The terror went further, Mussolini used the secret police, the OVER, to spy on dissidents, which led to them being severely beaten up and imprisoned without trial. This would act as a warning to others not to oppose and without opposition Mussolinis control remained. AntiFascist opposition no longer had a platform for their views after the IM position of press censorship. Due to this, within Italy, opposition was sparse and disorganized. But some groups like the Communists who tried to maintain an underground party organization PU blushed their own newspaper, Limit , which distributed antifascist leaflets.However, it was constantly hounded by the regime and in 1 927 the founder of L Unit;, Grammas was imprisoned. This inclines to others that opposition will not be tolerated by the regime and ensures Mussolinis control . There were few individuals who openly criticized the regime and from time to time the OVER or the militia simply assaulted people which was thought to encourage cooperation, it was gauges sting that conformity was the safest option. Again, this shows the extent of Mussolinis use of terror and how he used it to maintain his control.Another use of terror was the setting up of concentration camps, which were on a lot smaller scale than that of Nazi concentration camps. They held fewer than 5000 prisoners, t he conditions were tough and some torture did occur but brutality was not systematic. Mussolini mainly used them for the punishment of those who oppose the regime. This suggests that Mussolini i did need terror to maintain his control as he had to keep opposition to a minimum to succeed. Despite the use of terror, it can be argued that Mussolinis economic policies were what maintained his control. Firstly, the regime claimed credit for increasing profits and tried to win over industrialists by appointing Alberta De Stefan as Treasury Minister which would help areas ere industrialists due to his traditional policy. However, by 1 925 Mussolini had dismissed De Stefan an d took less notice of business interests, meaning his support would be more dependent on his use of terror and he stopped caring about genuine support from the Italian people. At this time the e boom in which the fascist party rose in began to come to an end and the exchange rate of lira WA falling against other currencies.Mussolini found this unacceptable and so declared his battle for Ii RA. The revaluation of the lira should of helped the Italian consumer which would win him over there e support, however Mussolini prevented this by placing high tariffs on many foreign imports which h made him unpopular and therefore made him more dependent on the use of terror as his genuine support declined.